Family Law & Divorce · Haute Lawyer Network
What Is Family Court and What Cases Does It Handle?
Last reviewed: June 2026
Family court — also called domestic relations court or probate and family court in some states — is a specialized division of the court system that handles legal matters involving families and domestic relationships. Family court has jurisdiction over divorce and legal separation, child custody and parenting time, child support and alimony, adoption, termination of parental rights, guardianship and conservatorship of minors, domestic violence restraining orders, paternity, juvenile delinquency in many states, and child abuse and neglect proceedings. Family courts apply special rules, procedures, and standards designed for the unique circumstances of family disputes — including the best interests of the child standard for custody and the equitable distribution standard for property division.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is family court different from civil court?
Yes. Family court is a specialized court with its own judges, procedures, and legal standards tailored to family law matters. Cases involving families are typically transferred to or filed directly in family court rather than general civil court.
Are family court proceedings private?
Many family court proceedings — particularly those involving children — are closed to the public. In contrast, most other civil court proceedings are open. Court records in family cases involving minors are often sealed or restricted.
Do I need an attorney for family court?
Not legally required, but strongly recommended. Family law cases involve complex legal and factual issues with long-lasting consequences — particularly regarding children and property division. Self-represented litigants often face significant disadvantages.
What is a family court mediator?
Many family courts require mediation before allowing a contested case to proceed to trial. A mediator helps the parties negotiate a resolution outside of court. In custody cases, a child specialist mediator may focus on the best interests of the children.
Can family court orders be modified?
Yes. Family court orders regarding custody, support, and parenting time can be modified when there has been a substantial change in circumstances. Property division orders from a divorce are generally final and cannot be modified after the judgment period.
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